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- <text id=90TT1628>
- <link 91TT0279>
- <link 90TT1766>
- <title>
- June 25, 1990: Canada:So What's The Problem, Eh?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- June 25, 1990 Who Gives A Hoot?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 33
- CANADA
- So What's the Problem, Eh?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The country's French-English identity--and possibly its unity--is at stake as a deadline looms for the Meech Lake accord
- </p>
- <p>By James L. Graff
- </p>
- <p> Canada's long-running confederation soap opera headed for
- a cliff-hanger finale last week. In the hardscrabble Atlantic
- province of Newfoundland, 52 provincial legislators hurriedly
- canvassed their constituents on whether to accept a
- constitutional agreement hashed out by Prime Minister Brian
- Mulroney and the country's ten provincial premiers a week
- earlier. In the prairie province of Manitoba, Elijah Harper, a
- Cree Indian and member of the legislative assembly, repeatedly
- blocked debate on the same ratification issue. The clock was
- ticking: if either legislature fails to approve the agreement
- by June 23, a delicate compromise over Quebec's place in Canada
- could shatter, leading, in the direst of scenarios, to the
- country's breakup.
- </p>
- <p> The drawn-out tussle has left Canadians rancorous and
- fatigued and much of the world puzzled. At issue is the eternal
- Canadian problem of a balance between the special role of
- Quebec, the only province with an overwhelming French-speaking
- majority in an officially bilingual country of 26.5 million,
- and regions that object to having other-than-equal status in
- the confederation.
- </p>
- <p> Since 1982, Canada has been governed by a constitution that
- was never endorsed by Quebec, home to one-quarter of the
- country's population. Quebec felt that, among other things, the
- document did not adequately protect its distinct French
- linguistic and cultural heritage, which is threatened by
- immigration and a provincial birthrate that is below
- replacement level. In a bid to resolve the impasse, Mulroney
- assembled the ten provincial premiers in April 1987 at a
- retreat at Meech Lake, Quebec. The group cobbled together
- constitutional amendments that met Quebec Premier Robert
- Bourassa's five "minimal" demands for more provincial power.
- Chief among the concessions was an affirmation of Quebec's
- right to preserve and promote its status as a "distinct
- society."
- </p>
- <p> Ever since, the Meech Lake agreement has been a catchall for
- discord, pitting English speakers against French, and Canada's
- eastern and western regions against the central provinces of
- Ontario and Quebec. In 1988 passions flared after Bourassa
- overrode a Canadian Supreme Court ruling by passing a law that
- banned English on outdoor commercial signs in Quebec. English
- speakers across the country expressed outrage, and some later
- engaged in highly publicized Quebec-flag stomping. About 60
- municipalities have since passed symbolic ordinances declaring
- English their sole official tongue. Said Mayor Joe Fratesi of
- Sault Sainte Marie, in explanation of his city's English-only
- law: "I'm against the idea of force-feeding all of Canada on
- two languages."
- </p>
- <p> Other groups--most notably Canada's 700,000 aboriginal and
- metis people--insisted that they were equally deserving of
- special status. Said Ethel Blondin, a legislator from the
- Western Arctic and a Dene Indian: "There are 53 aboriginal
- languages and cultures we feel are equal to Quebec's--no
- greater and no less."
- </p>
- <p> As the June 23 deadline loomed, three provincial governments
- balked at ratification. Mulroney waited until the final weeks
- before the deadline to call the ten provincial premiers to
- Ottawa for a weeklong marathon of closed-door constitutional
- bargaining to win the dissidents over. The political leaders
- emerged with the original Meech Lake agreement unchanged. What
- broke the standoff was an agreement to seek reform--or at
- least reapportionment--for Canada's appointed Senate, which
- underrepresents the west. The ministers further committed
- themselves to discuss aboriginal self-government,
- minority-language rights and guarantees of sexual equality.
- </p>
- <p> "It's a great gain for Quebec," said Bourassa after the
- negotiations, "and a great gain for Canada." Not to mention a
- political necessity for Bourassa. The constitutional imbroglio
- revived the cause of Quebec separatism, which the Meech Lake
- accord had been intended to defuse. With nationalist sentiment
- growing, the premier could not show the slightest sign of
- buckling under pressure from his fellow premiers. Waiting for
- Bourassa to make a slip was Jacques Parizeau, leader of the
- opposition Parti Quebecois, the party that endorses the concept
- of Quebec nationhood. "Faced with what we consider wrong and
- profoundly humiliating," says Parizeau, "it is time for us to
- have our own country, our own constitution."
- </p>
- <p> Ten years ago, 60% of Quebec residents voted down in a
- referendum the idea of negotiating independence; today 56% of
- a polling sample favor more sovereignty for Quebec. That
- sentiment has gained strength from the rise of a new
- French-speaking business class that in the past decade has
- largely replaced Quebec's old English-speaking elite. Says
- Ghislain Dufour, head of the Conseil du Patronat, the
- provincial chamber of commerce: "We're much more confident than
- we were ten years ago."
- </p>
- <p> Even if the Meech Lake agreement wins unanimous approval,
- many Quebeckers feel that greater provincial control of such
- areas as communications and taxation is inevitable. Says Pierre
- Laurin, head of Quebec operations for Merrill Lynch Canada:
- "People here have realized that Quebec needs a new sort of
- arrangement."
- </p>
- <p> Any new arrangement, of course, would demand even more
- wearying constitutional debates. But if Manitoba and
- Newfoundland (which joined Canada only in 1949) fail to meet
- the Meech deadline, or reject the agreement, the issue to be
- debated may be Quebec's separation. Canada, which frets
- constantly about maintaining a separate identity from the U.S.,
- could then lose the bilingual and bicultural character that
- is the country's greatest difference from its powerful
- neighbor.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-